Knowledge Base

1. Retrieve your server's IP and root password from the Client Portal email or dashboard.
2. On Linux/Mac: Open Terminal. On Windows: Use PuTTY or PowerShell.
3. Run: ssh root@your-server-ip
4. Enter the root password when prompted (it won't show as you type).
5. Immediately change the password: passwd
6. For enhanced security, set up SSH key authentication: ssh-keygen on your local machine, then ssh-copy-id root@your-server-ip.

Tip: Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config to disable password auth and restart SSH: systemctl restart ssh.

1. Log into the Client Portal.
2. Navigate to "My Services" and select your VPS.
3. Click "Reinstall OS" in the management panel.
4. Choose from available images: Ubuntu 22.04, Debian 12, AlmaLinux, or others.
5. Confirm the action; the process takes 5-10 minutes.
6. Once complete, new root credentials will be emailed. Reconnect via SSH.

Warning: This wipes all data. Create a snapshot first!

1. Log into the Client Portal.
2. Go to "My Services" and select your VPS.
3. In the "Actions" dropdown, select "Reset Root Password".
4. Confirm the request; a new secure password is generated and emailed within 1 minute.
5. Use the new password to SSH in and update it further if needed: passwd.

Security Note: Enable two-factor authentication (2FA) in your portal account for added protection.

1. Log into the Client Portal.
2. Select your VPS under "My Services".
3. Navigate to the "Firewall" tab in the service dashboard.
4. Toggle "Upstream Filtering" on to enable SeattleNAP's DDoS mitigation and rule sets.
5. Add rules: Allow/Block IPs, ports (e.g., allow 22 for SSH, 80/443 for web), or protocols.
6. Save and apply. Changes propagate in under 30 seconds with no reboot required.

Pro Tip: Combine with server-side UFW for layered defense. Monitor hits in the portal logs.

1. Update packages: apt update
2. Install UFW: apt install ufw
3. Allow essential ports: ufw allow OpenSSH and ufw allow 80,443/tcp
4. Set default policies: ufw default deny incoming and ufw default allow outgoing
5. Enable: ufw enable
6. Verify: ufw status verbose

For CentOS: Use firewalld instead: firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http and firewall-cmd --reload.

1. Edit config: nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config, then set PermitRootLogin no, PasswordAuthentication no, PubkeyAuthentication yes.
2. Create non-root user: adduser secureuser and usermod -aG sudo secureuser.
3. Copy SSH key: From local, ssh-copy-id secureuser@your-server-ip.
4. Install Fail2Ban: apt install fail2ban and configure jail for SSH.
5. Restart: systemctl restart ssh.
6. Test login with new user and key before closing your current session.

1. Update: apt update && apt upgrade
2. Install Apache: apt install apache2 and systemctl enable --now apache2
3. Install MySQL: apt install mysql-server, secure it: mysql_secure_installation
4. Install PHP: apt install php libapache2-mod-php php-mysql
5. Restart Apache: systemctl restart apache2
6. Test: Create /var/www/html/info.php with <?php phpinfo(); ?> and visit http://your-ip/info.php.

Security: Remove info.php after testing. MariaDB is a drop-in MySQL alternative.

1. Update: apt update
2. Install: apt install nginx
3. Start: systemctl enable --now nginx
4. Configure site: Edit /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
5. Test config: nginx -t then systemctl reload nginx
6. Access: Visit your IP in a browser to see the welcome page.

1. In the Client Portal, go to your VPS dashboard and select "Backups".
2. Enable automated daily/weekly snapshots (retain up to 7).
3. Create a manual snapshot: Click "Snapshot Now".
4. Restore: Select a snapshot and click "Rollback" (causes brief downtime).
5. CLI alternative: virsh snapshot-create-as your-vm daily-backup for KVM.

Best Practice: Offload critical data to external storage like S3-compatible services.

1. Prerequisites: Ubuntu/Debian VPS, Go 1.18+, Git, NKN wallet address for rewards.
2. Install Go: apt update && apt install golang-go
3. Clone repo: git clone https://github.com/nknorg/tuna.git && cd tuna
4. Build: make (creates tuna binary)
5. Copy example configs: cp config.entry.json.example config.entry.json, cp config.exit.json.example config.exit.json, cp services.json.example services.json
6. Edit services.json to define your services (e.g., HTTP proxy on port 30080 with AES-GCM encryption).
7. For Exit Mode (earn rewards): Edit config.exit.json, set beneficiaryAddr to your NKN wallet, listenTCP to ["0.0.0.0:30080"], and services to ["httpproxy"].
8. Run: ./tuna -b=YOUR_NKN_WALLET exit
9. Firewall: Open required ports: ufw allow 30080
10. Monitor: Check logs for connections; rewards accrue via the NKN blockchain.

Note: Ensure port forwarding if behind NAT. Estimated earnings ~0.0002 NKN/MB traffic.

1. Install dependencies: apt install curl wget
2. Download the latest binary from GitHub Releases.
3. Make executable: chmod +x nkn-commercial
4. Create wallet: ./nkn-commercial wallet -c — save your seed phrase securely.
5. Edit config.json: set beneficiaryAddr to your wallet address and miningPublicKey.
6. Run: ./nkn-commercial
7. Open ports 30001-30005 TCP/UDP in your firewall and portal upstream rules.
8. Monitor: Use ./nkn-commercial info for status and sync progress.

Tip: For NKN node monitoring, visit nBlock.net.

1. Install monitoring: apt install htop
2. Run: htop, sort by CPU or RAM to identify the culprit.
3. Kill a rogue process: kill -9 PID
4. Check system logs: journalctl -xe or dmesg.
5. If load is sustained, consider upgrading your plan via the portal.

1. Test basic connectivity: ping -c 4 8.8.8.8
2. Run a traceroute: mtr google.com (install with apt install mtr if needed).
3. Check local firewall: ufw status
4. Verify upstream rules: In the portal "Firewall" tab, ensure no rules are blocking traffic.
5. Reboot your VPS from the portal if the issue persists; use Looking Glass for external network tests.